The pericardium is a sac that envelopes the upper chest
It is composed of three layers, namely the muscular pericardium, the thickened pericardial sac, and the subcutaneous pericardium. The fibrous pericardial sac is also divided into three layers, namely the peri-pericardiocarostril, the perietal pericolor, and the visceral and serous pericoides.
The main function of the pericardium is to protect the cardiovascular system by restricting the flow of blood towards the lungs. As soon as the diaphragm relaxes due to inhalation or exhalation, the pericardial sac constricts, forcing out the respiratory air and the blood. When a person exhales, the pericardial sac relaxes again and allows the air or the blood to freely flow towards the lungs. This continuous movement prevents any obstruction in the flow of blood and air.
The perixillary muscles of the pericardium act as a counteraction to this movement by restricting the flow of blood towards the lungs. The blood flow is also reduced during sleep, particularly when the pericardial sac becomes engorged with blood. This engorgement eventually causes pressure to build up around the lower peritoneal mesothelium which restricts the movement of the peritoneal mesothelium. Pressure builds up around the mesothelium because of its lack of mobility. As a result, it becomes difficult for the peritoneum to move and expand.
In order to avoid this situation, the pericardium produces pressure by contracting, thereby constricting the peritoneal sac and preventing blood from flowing towards the lungs and heart rhythm from becoming disturbed. The peritoneal mesothelium then collapses because the pressure on it has been increased. This condition is known as peritonsillar stenosis.
Peritonsillar stenosis develops mainly due to an obstructed peritoneum. This obstruction is usually caused by several factors. Sometimes, the obstruction is congenital, while at other times it develops due to poor eating habits or a large buildup of abdominal fat. Obesity may lead to the development of polycystic ovaries. Polycystic ovaries are considered to be one of the major causes of perichordic stenosis.
Peritoneal cancer is also known as peritoneal mesothelioma. Peritoneal cancer is not very common. The main reason why it is relatively rare is because of the lack of knowledge about its symptoms. The symptoms include pain around the upper chest and abdomen, nausea, fever, and vomiting.
The other type of peritoneal disease is called periventricular leukomalacia, or PVL
This is a tumor in the peritoneum and is most commonly found in the left side of the abdomen. Although it is also a relatively rare occurrence, the symptoms of PVL may include fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. It may also cause increased abdominal warmth and jaundice.
The symptoms of perinatal leukomalacia are similar to those of perisperic leukomalacia. except that the symptoms are usually severe in both types.
Pericardial mesothelioma is a tumor that develops in the pericardium or pleura. There are four types of mesotheliomas. The type is determined by the location in which the cancer is found, for example, pericardial mesothelioma usually occurs in the heart, pericardial mesothelioma usually occurs in the abdominal area, pericardial pleura may occur anywhere in the body, and pleural mesothelioma occurs in the chest.
Mesothelioma of the pericardium is a cancer that affects the lining of the organ, but not the organ itself. Mesothelioma of the pericardium is usually cancer of the linings of the organ. It is not curable by surgery. In case mesothelioma is cancer of the pericardium and it does not respond to chemotherapy, the only way to treat it is to remove the affected portion.
Pericardial mesothelioma is cancer of the lining of the organ that is located inside the pericardium. Surgery is the best option if the cancer is found in a single compartment, such as the lining of the heart.
Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer that occurs in the pericardium but is outside the pericardium. It is cancer of the lining of the organ. Pleural mesothelioma can be diagnosed only when the doctor sees the tissue from the affected area.